Quck answer
To add concrete steps to an existing concrete slab, follow these steps:
1. Prepare the slab: Clean the surface of the slab and make sure it’s free from any debris or loose material.
2. Measure and plan: Determine the size and number of steps you want to add. Mark the area where the steps will be placed.
3. Build the formwork: Construct a wooden formwork to create the shape and size of the steps. Secure it firmly to the slab using stakes or screws.
4. Mix and pour concrete: Prepare a concrete mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pour the mixture into the formwork, making sure it fills the entire space evenly.
5. Smooth and level: Use a trowel to smooth the surface of the concrete and ensure it’s level. Allow the concrete to cure for the recommended time.
6. Remove the formwork: Once the concrete is fully cured, remove the formwork carefully. Clean any excess concrete or debris.
7. Finishing touches: If desired, apply a concrete sealer or paint to protect and enhance the appearance of the steps.
Remember to always wear protective gear and follow safety precautions when working with concrete.
If you want to replace the wooden steps on your concrete patio with concrete ones, or if you want to build steps from the ground to a raised concrete slab, it is important to ensure that the stairs are securely attached to the slab. However, when placing concrete stairs on top of a slab, they should actually be decoupled. Why? This ensures that if the slab cracks and separates, the stairs will remain in place and the cracks will not affect the stability of the stairs.
Decoupling can be as simple as placing a sheet of tar paper on the slab before pouring the stairs. There is no need to worry about instability as concrete stairs are heavy and unlikely to move. If you are connecting the stairs to an elevated slab, the best method is to drill holes in the slab and insert rebar or large screws. This will give the concrete and stairs something to grip onto and prevent them from pulling away.
Here is a step-by-step guide on how to add concrete steps to an existing concrete slab.
1. Start With a Plan
Planning the stairs requires some calculations. Measure the height and horizontal distance of the staircase, then calculate how many 10-inch treads with a 7-inch rise (standard step measurements) you will need to cover the distance. All steps must have the same width and height, so you may need to make slight adjustments to ensure you have a whole number of identical steps. It is important to get this right, so don’t hesitate to create a diagram.
2. Build a Form
Referencing your diagram, construct a form using old plywood for the sides and 2x4s to connect the sides. Before placing the form, lay a decoupling membrane on the slab for surface-mount stairs, or drill holes into the side of the slab for reinforcement if using side-mount stairs. Ensure the form is plumb and level, and secure it with 2×4 bracing. Use screws for easy disassembly later on.
3. Prepare for the Pour
Place 1/2-inch rebar reinforcement inside the form, shaping it to match the angles of the steps. If the steps are mounted to the side of the slab, insert rebar stakes into the drilled holes and secure them with wire to the rest of the rebar. Apply a quick-release coating to the form sides to make removal easier. Just before pouring the concrete, fill the majority of the form with rubble (stones or broken-up chunks of masonry or concrete) to reduce the amount of concrete needed.
4. Pour the Concrete
Mix the concrete and pour it into the form. Start by filling the front of the form (the lowest step) and work your way towards the back. After completely filling the form, smooth the surface with a trowel and use an edger to round the front of each tread. Don’t forget to trowel underneath the 2×4 braces holding the form together.
5. Completing the Concrete Work
Monitor the concrete closely and once it reaches a point where it can support itself but is still smooth enough to be shaped, remove the 2x4s that are holding the sides of the form together. Then, take a trowel and apply a final finish to the treads. Carefully detach the sides of the form and complete the finishing process for the sides of the stairway in the same manner. Allow the concrete to harden for a period of three days to a week before using the stairway. To prevent the concrete from drying out too quickly and developing cracks, periodically spray the concrete with mist while it is curing.
